6.1 Gross Anatomy
- Identify the principal axial and appendicular muscles of the body; including identifying origin, insertion, and action of ten muscles
- Describe the functions of muscle tissue
6.1a Gross Anatomy: Muscle Names
Utilize these tutorials (Get Body Smart and Anatomy Arcade's Poke a Muscle) to practice with the muscle names and locations. As with the Skeletal system, there are more resources available on the Anatomy Course page.
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6.1b Origin Insertion Diagram
Exploration Objective
- Why are there joints? What's really their point?
- What role do they play in basic movement, like flexion or extension?
- Why do the points of attachment for a muscles matter?
- Can a muscle perform the 'opposite' movement? (i.e., can the same muscle cause adduction and abduction?) Explain.
6.1c Gross Anatomy: Muscle Function Overview
A couple of items to remember as you go through these notes: how is movement produced; the location of the origin/insertion determines the movement; all names are descriptive.
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(YouTube)
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Quiz #1: 6.1
6.2 Microscopic Anatomy
- List differences between skeletal, cardiac, and smooth muscle in terms of structure and function
- Describe the organization of skeletal muscle: (a) at the macroscopic level; (b) at the microscopic level
- Explain how muscle function is a result of the structure and organization of muscles at the macro- and microscopic levels
6.2 Skeletal Muscle Structure
Keep in mind our class discussion linking muscle functions to structures and how the functions are carried out as you take these notes; notice the specialization of each structure. The drawings are as important as the words.
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Quiz #2: 6.2
6.3.0 Sliding Filament POGIL
6.3.1 Electrochemical Gradients & Muscle Contractions
- Discuss the physiological baseline and changes required to contract and relax a muscle fiber
6.3.1a Action Potential Simulation
The simulation below requires the AP_NeuronSim_Muscle in Dropbox, in the Assignment&Stuff folder. (This will be worked on during class and you'll finish it as homework.)
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6.3.1b Membrane & Action Potential
Keep in mind, contraction cannot occur without changes in the electrochemical gradient; this is why muscle is irritable, capable of responding to stimuli.
(YouTube)
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6.4 Skeletal Muscle Contraction
- Explain the key steps involved in the contraction of a skeletal muscle fiber: (1) discuss the physiological baseline and changes required to contract and relax a muscle fiber; (2) discuss the protein conformation changes necessary for contraction
- Compare the different types of muscle contractions
6.4a Steps of Contraction - Microscopic
(YouTube)
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6.4b Organ Level Contraction
(YouTube)
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6.5 Energy Pathways
- Describe the mechanisms by which muscle obtain and use energy to power contraction; distinguish between aerobic and anaerobic endurance
6.5a Rabbit Muscle Lab
6.5b Muscle Fatigue Lab
6.5c Aerobic & Anaerobic Pathways
Keep in mind the sheer magnitude of energy requirements within the muscles. This is a quick review of those metabolic pathways.
(YouTube)
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Review & Background
This simulation is on membrane channels. Remember, the sodium-potassium pump sets up the electrochemcial gradient (polarity) for both muscles and neurons. You can 'play' with guidance by filling out the Diffusion Lab sheet, the basis of all movement in cells (and especially important for the sodium-potassium pump), in the Assignment&Stuff folder in Dropbox.
Use this if you need to review these basics. |